To study the DNA-binding properties of CsgD we used DNase I footprint analysis to show that unphosphorylated CsgD-His6 binds specifically to the csgBA .
To study the DNA-binding properties of CsgD we used electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays to show that unphosphorylated CsgD-His6 binds specifically to the csgBA .
a negative control furthermore demonstrated the specificity of the binding of CsgD-His6 to the csgBA