In the presence of an unknown environmental condition , HilC may activate invF expression .
If a condition exists in which hilA is repressed while invF expression is induced through HilC , it begs the question : Why produce InvF-dependent effectors in the absence of hilA expression when an intact type III secretion apparatus is not thought to be formed ?
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.A.Lee Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , C.P.Lostroh Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilC , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- HilD , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , and Catherine A. Lee * Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics , Harvard Medical School , 200 Longwood Avenue , Boston , MA 02115 .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , , ‡ C. Phoebe Lostr .
HilC directly activate invF expressionS.Akbar , L.M.Schechter Molecular Microbiology 47 , 715 -- 728 AraC/XylS family members , directly activate virulence gene expression independently of HilA in Salmonella typhimurium Samina Akbar , † Lisa M. Schecht .
Our studies show that HilC activate transcription of invF from a promoter .
We show that HilC can directly activate invF .
We propose that HilC can independently activate invF expression .
HilC do not activate invF expression from the HilA-dependent invF promoter Previously , we had shown that HilA activates invF expression by direct interaction with sequences upstream of invF called the HilA box .
These results also explain why our invF-lacZ reporter plasmid , pVV448 , was not activated by HilC to the same extent as the chromosomal invF-lacZ fusion because pVV448 does not contain the HilD-and HilC-dependent +1 of invF .
It is possible that HilC , activates invF expression from a second promoter .
In order to address whether additional S. typhimuriumspecific genes are required for HilC to activate invF , we examined both pSA7 reporters in E. coli TOP-10 cells .
In order to address whether additional S. typhimuriumspecific genes are required for HilC to activate invF , we examined both pVV448 reporters in E. coli TOP-10 cells .
We found that HilC induce invF expression from pSA7 in E. coli , comparable to that .
We also found that HilC , activates invF expression from pVV448 , also comparable to that .
These results suggest that HilC might directly activate invF expression by binding to sequences upstream of invF .
These results suggest that HilC might directly activate invF expression by binding to sequences upstream of invF .
HilC bind to the invF promoter fragment in-vitro To examine whether HilC might directly activate the invF promoter by binding to sequences upstream of invF , we performed gel shift analyses .
HilC bind to the invF promoter fragment in-vitro To examine whether HilC might directly activate the invF promoter by binding to sequences upstream of invF , we performed gel shift analyses .
HilC directly activate invF expression by binding downstream of a HilD/C-dependent promoter Previous studies have shown that HilC can indirectly activate invF expression by derepressing hilA .
HilC directly activate invF expression by binding downstream of a HilD/C-dependent promoter Previous studies have shown that HilC can indirectly activate invF expression by derepressing hilA .
HilC directly activate invF expression by binding downstream of a HilD/C-dependent promoter Previous studies have shown that HilD can indirectly activate invF expression by derepressing hilA .
HilC directly activate invF expression by binding upstream of a HilD/C-dependent promoter Previous studies have shown that HilC can indirectly activate invF expression by derepressing hilA .
HilC directly activate invF expression by binding upstream of a HilD/C-dependent promoter Previous studies have shown that HilC can indirectly activate invF expression by derepressing hilA .
HilC directly activate invF expression by binding upstream of a HilD/C-dependent promoter Previous studies have shown that HilD can indirectly activate invF expression by derepressing hilA .
Discussion HilD directly activate invF expression by binding downstream of a HilD/C-dependent promoter Previous studies have shown that HilC can indirectly activate invF expression by derepressing hilA .
Discussion HilD directly activate invF expression by binding upstream of a HilD/C-dependent promoter Previous studies have shown that HilC can indirectly activate invF expression by derepressing hilA .
HilC appear to activate transcription of invF from a HilD/C-dependent start site .
Our studies also suggest that the downstream binding site is required for HilC to activate invF .
In fact , there is evidence that HilC directly activate invF expression 723 can be secreted independently of SPI1 .
HilC are each capable of partially activating invF
HilC activate transcription from the p promoters in an apparently redundant invF sicA manner .
HilC activate transcription from the p promoters in an apparently redundant invF sicA manner .
In addition , HilC directly activate invF in non-HilA dependent manner .
HilC can activate expression of the invF and sicA/sip transcriptional units independently of HilA .
HilC , activate directly the expression of the invF operon , independently of HilA .
HilC all positively regulate invF .