The PmrA training set consisted of the promoter regions of three known PmrAB-regulated genes ( ugd [ 7,15,17 ] , pmrH [ 7,14,17,19 ] and pmrC [ 2,14 ] ) for which the binding of the PmrA protein to the promoter regions was verified by DNA footprint analysis [ 14,15 ] .
All of the genes belong to the phoPQ regulon although the ugd genes are regulated by PhoPQ indirectly through the PmrAB signal transduction system .