HilA , is believed to directly activate expression from the invF promoters in SPI1 .
HilA activates the expression of the regulatory gene invF , the first gene of the large SPI1 inv ± spa ± sip gene cluster .
HilA may activate invF , by interacting * Author for correspondence .
HilA is a member of the ToxR/OmpR-like family of transcriptional regulatory proteins and is required for induction of the SPI-1 prg operon , and is also required for optimal expression of invF .
The straight , solid-headed arrows show that HilA protein directly activates the expression of invF .
In this scheme , activation of invF transcription by HilD and HilC leads to co-transcriptional activation of the downstream sip genes , as has been shown for HilA-activated transcription from the invF promoter ( Darwin and Miller , 1999a ; Eichelberg et al. , 1999 ; Lostroh and Lee , 2000 ) .
In this scheme , activation of invF transcription by HilD and HilC leads to co-transcriptional activation of the downstream sip genes , as has been shown for HilA-activated transcription from the invF promoter ( Darwin and Miller , 1999a ; Eichelberg et al. , 1999 ; Lostroh and Lee , 2000 ) .
We considered that HilD and HilC might also bind upstream of invF and directly activate transcription from the HilA-activated invF promoter .
We considered that HilD and HilC might also bind upstream of invF and directly activate transcription from the HilA-activated invF promoter .
We used a low copy plasmid , pVV448 , in which the HilA-activated invF promoter region ( -319 bp to +128 bp , relative to the HilA-activated +1 ) is cloned upstream of lacZ .
We used a low copy plasmid , pVV448 , in which the HilA-activated invF promoter region ( -319 bp to +128 bp , relative to the HilA-activated +1 ) is cloned upstream of lacZ .
HilA activates invF .
By binding upstream of invF , HilA directly activates expression of the invF operons that encode the components of the TTS apparatus .
HilC do not activate invF expression from the HilA-dependent invF promoter Previously , we had shown that HilA activates invF expression by direct interaction with sequences upstream of invF called the HilA box .
HilC do not activate invF expression from the HilA-dependent invF promoter Previously , we had shown that HilA activates invF expression by direct interaction with sequences upstream of invF called the HilA box .
HilD do not activate invF expression from the HilA-dependent invF promoter Previously , we had shown that HilA activates invF expression by direct interaction with sequences upstream of invF called the HilA box .
HilD do not activate invF expression from the HilA-dependent invF promoter Previously , we had shown that HilA activates invF expression by direct interaction with sequences upstream of invF called the HilA box .
HilA activates transcription of invF from a start site .
HilA activates invF .
HilA activates invF operon expression by binding to the invF promoter .
HilA activates invF operon expression by binding to the invF promoter .
Apparently , HilA activates the expression of invF .
invF genes where the HilA transcriptional regulator induces invF -LRB- as well genes -RRB-
Moreover , HilA indirectly regulates the expression of secreted proteins by activating the transcription of the SPI-1 invF gene .
HilA in the invasion pathway independently activate the expression of invF .
These data demonstrated that the expression of the SPI-1 activator , hilA , as well as of the HilA-activated genes invF and sipC , was transcriptionally repressed by growth at 42 °C .
One of the operons directly activated by HilA contains invF gene .
By binding upstream of invF , HilA directly activates the expression of invF .
By binding upstream of invF , HilA directly activates the expression of invF .
invF is positively regulated by HilD through HilA
As HilA is a transcriptional activator of invF , the ΔhilA strain provides a measure of uninduced invF expression .