If a condition exists in which hilA is repressed while invF expression is induced through HilD , it begs the question : Why produce InvF-dependent effectors in the absence of hilA expression when an intact type III secretion apparatus is not thought to be formed ?
Loss of hns , however , does not relieve repression of hilA by oxygen -LRB- as opposed to osmolarity -RRB- and expression of hilA in an hns mutant still requires HilD under inducing -LRB- high-osmolarity , low oxygen -RRB- growth-conditions .
Loss of hns , however , does not relieve repression of hilA by oxygen -LRB- as opposed to osmolarity -RRB- and expression of hilA in an hns mutant still requires HilD under inducing L. C. Lee , unpublished observations .
Loss of hns , however , does not relieve repression of hilA by oxygen -LRB- as opposed to osmolarity -RRB- and expression of hilA in an hns mutant still requires HilD under inducing L. Schechter Lee , unpublished observations .
This finding suggests that HilE functions as a repressor by binding to HilD to prevent its activation of the hilA promoter .
For example , hilA expression are decreased by deletion of fur at the level of transcription via HilD , supporting the idea that HilD controls the transcription of these genes .
Transcriptional activation by HilD relieves repression of the hilA promoter by the nucleoid proteins H-NS and Hha .
HilD relieve repression of the hilA promoter by the nucleoid proteins H-NS and Hha .
Coincident with this reduction in HilD protein , hilA = was potently repressed by 9.7-fold repression .
Coincident with this reduction in HilD protein , hilA = was potently repressed by bile .
H-NS repression of hilA counteracts transcriptional activation by HilD
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including repression of hilA by preventing HilD function .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including repression of hilA by binding to .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , activation of hilA via HilD , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , activation of hilA via activation of csrB/csrC to block CsrA repression of hilD .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , activation of hilA via HilD , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , BarA/SirA .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , EnvZ-OmpR , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , activation of hilA via activation of csrB/csrC to block CsrA repression of hilD .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , EnvZ-OmpR , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , BarA/SirA .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , DNA adenine methylase , activation of hilA via HilD , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , activation of hilA via activation of csrB/csrC to block CsrA repression of hilD .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , DNA adenine methylase , activation of hilA via HilD , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , BarA/SirA .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , DNA adenine methylase , EnvZ-OmpR , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , activation of hilA via activation of csrB/csrC to block CsrA repression of hilD .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , DNA adenine methylase , EnvZ-OmpR , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , BarA/SirA .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including FliZ , activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , activation of hilA via HilD , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , activation of hilA via activation of csrB/csrC to block CsrA repression of hilD .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including FliZ , activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , activation of hilA via HilD , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , BarA/SirA .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including FliZ , activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , EnvZ-OmpR , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , activation of hilA via activation of csrB/csrC to block CsrA repression of hilD .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including FliZ , activation of hilA via posttranslational regulation of HilD , EnvZ-OmpR , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , BarA/SirA .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including FliZ , DNA adenine methylase , activation of hilA via HilD , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , activation of hilA via activation of csrB/csrC to block CsrA repression of hilD .
Many other regulators affect SPI-1 genes and/or HilA expression through HilD , including FliZ , DNA adenine methylase , activation of hilA via HilD , repression of hilA by decreasing the stability of HilD , BarA/SirA .