word embeddings

+Recent advances in molecular targets and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: focus on TGFbeta signaling and the myofibroblast
+FAK-related nonkinase is a multifunctional negative regulator of pulmonary fibrosis
+Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 is up-regulated by transforming growth factor-beta1 in vitro and expressed in fibroblastic foci in vivo in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Bleomycin and IL-1beta-mediated pulmonary fibrosis is IL-17A dependent
+Defective histone acetylation is responsible for the diminished expression of cyclooxygenase 2 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+EZH2 enhances the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+y-Herpes virus-68, but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa or influenza A (H1N1), exacerbates established murine lung fibrosis
+Microarray identifies ADAM family members as key responders to TGF-beta1 in alveolar epithelial cells
+Diagnostic Values For Club Cell Secretory Protein (CC16) in Serum of Patients of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema
+Anti-pulmonary fibrotic activity of salvianolic acid B was screened by a novel method based on the cyto-biophysical properties
+miR-26a suppresses EMT by disrupting the Lin28B/let-7d axis: potential cross-talks among miRNAs in IPF
+Targeting genes for treatment in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: challenges and opportunities, promises and pitfalls
+Th1/Th2 cytokine gene polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+VCAM-1 is a TGF-b1 inducible gene upregulated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Hsp90 regulation of fibroblast activation in pulmonary fibrosis
+Integrated analyses identify the involvement of microRNA-26a in epithelial-mesenchymal transition during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Upregulation of alveolar levels of activin B, but not activin A, in lungs of west highland white terriers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and diffuse alveolar damage
+Roles for insulin-like growth factor I and transforming growth factor-beta in fibrotic lung disease
+Epigenetic Regulation of Caveolin-1 Gene Expression in Lung Fibroblasts
+Combined inhibition of TGFb and PDGF signaling attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Targeting of Discoidin Domain Receptor 2 (DDR2) Prevents Myofibroblast Activation and Neovessel Formation During Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Glucagon like peptide-1 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, involving the inactivation of NF-kB in mice
+Carbon monoxide-bound hemoglobin-vesicles for the treatment of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Protease activated receptor-1 regulates macrophage-mediated cellular senescence: a risk for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Control of virus reactivation arrests pulmonary herpesvirus-induced fibrosis in IFN-gamma receptor-deficient mice
+Epithelial Cell Mitochondrial Dysfunction and PINK1 Are Induced by Transforming Growth Factor- Beta1 in Pulmonary Fibrosis
+MiR-185/AKT and miR-29a/collagen 1a pathways are activated in IPF BAL cells
+Regulation of TGF-b storage and activation in the human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung
+Interleukin-17 induces human alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition via the TGF-b1 mediated Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 activation
+Tubastatin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by targeting the TGFb-PI3K-Akt pathway
+Prognostic factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinical, physiologic, pathologic, and molecular aspects
+The lncRNA H19 Mediates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating the miR-196a/COL1A1 Axis
+Progressive transforming growth factor beta1-induced lung fibrosis is blocked by an orally active ALK5 kinase inhibitor
+Toll-like receptor 4 activation attenuates profibrotic response in control lung fibroblasts but not in fibroblasts from patients with IPF
+Significant involvement of CCL2 (MCP-1) in inflammatory disorders of the lung
+Pirfenidone inhibits the expression of HSP47 in TGF-beta1-stimulated human lung fibroblasts
+Free radical generation induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in lung epithelium via a TGF-b1-dependent mechanism
+Methylation-mediated BMPER expression in fibroblast activation in vitro and lung fibrosis in mice in vivo
+Inhibition of PHGDH Attenuates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Effects of particulate matter from straw burning on lung fibrosis in mice
+BARD1 mediates TGF-b signaling in pulmonary fibrosis
+Upregulation of activin-B and follistatin in pulmonary fibrosis - a translational study using human biopsies and a specific inhibitor in mouse fibrosis models
+Resveratrol inhibits transforming growth factor-b-induced proliferation and differentiation of ex vivo human lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts through ERK/Akt inhibition and PTEN restoration
+Effects of doxycycline on production of growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases in pulmonary fibrosis
+Renin is an angiotensin-independent profibrotic mediator: role in pulmonary fibrosis
+Regulation of myofibroblast differentiation by miR-424 during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
+MS80, a novel sulfated oligosaccharide, inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by targeting TGF-beta1 both in vitro and in vivo
+Association of HLA and cytokine gene polymorphisms with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance as a potential contributor to the progression of human pulmonary fibrosis
+Up-regulation of heparan sulfate 6-O-sulfation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Mechanisms of fibrosis in coal workers' pneumoconiosis
+Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Activation, Storage, and Signaling Pathways in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Dogs
+Effect of substrate stiffness on pulmonary fibroblast activation by TGF-b
+A translational preclinical model of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: mechanistic pathways driving disease pathophysiology
+Epithelial cell alpha3beta1 integrin links beta-catenin and Smad signaling to promote myofibroblast formation and pulmonary fibrosis
+Role for alpha3 integrin in EMT and pulmonary fibrosis
+Shikonin suppresses pulmonary fibroblasts proliferation and activation by regulating Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways
+Pirfenidone for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Interactions between b-catenin and transforming growth factor-b signaling pathways mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition and are dependent on the transcriptional co-activator cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP)
+Gremlin-mediated decrease in bone morphogenetic protein signaling promotes pulmonary fibrosis
+Molecular targets in pulmonary fibrosis: the myofibroblast in focus
+miR-92a regulates TGF-b1-induced WISP1 expression in pulmonary fibrosis
+Transgelin is a direct target of TGF-beta/Smad3-dependent epithelial cell migration in lung fibrosis
+Uncoupling of the profibrotic and hemostatic effects of thrombin in lung fibrosis
+Studies of hepatocyte growth factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in chronic interstitial lung diseases
+Syndecan-2 exerts antifibrotic effects by promoting caveolin-1-mediated transforming growth factor-b receptor I internalization and inhibiting transforming growth factor-b1 signaling
+Compromised peroxisomes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a vicious cycle inducing a higher fibrotic response via TGF-b signaling
+Increased alveolar soluble annexin V promotes lung inflammation and fibrosis
+Simvastatin attenuates TGF-b1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human alveolar epithelial cells
+Expression of 150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein (ORP150) stimulates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and dysfunction in mice
+Kinase inhibitors fail to induce mesenchymal-epithelial transition in fibroblasts from fibrotic lung tissue
+The small heat-shock protein aB-crystallin is essential for the nuclear localization of Smad4: impact on pulmonary fibrosis
+Developmental Reprogramming in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells of Human Subjects with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Blockade of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Epithelial stem cell exhaustion in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Re-evaluation of fibrogenic cytokines in lung fibrosis
+Autoimmunity to Vimentin Is Associated with Outcomes of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Lung myofibroblasts are characterized by down-regulated cyclooxygenase-2 and its main metabolite, prostaglandin E2
+CUX1/Wnt signaling regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition in EBV infected epithelial cells
+Mode of action of nintedanib in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an altered fibroblast proliferation linked to cancer biology
+Lower expression of platelet derived growth factor is associated with better overall survival rate of patients with idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
+Elevated expression of NEU1 sialidase in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis provokes pulmonary collagen deposition, lymphocytosis, and fibrosis
+TGF-beta 1, but not TGF-beta 2 or TGF-beta 3, is differentially present in epithelial cells of advanced pulmonary fibrosis: an immunohistochemical study
+A critical role for the mTORC2 pathway in lung fibrosis
+Cthrc1 lowers pulmonary collagen associated with bleomycin-induced fibrosis and protects lung function
+Pigment epithelium-derived factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a role in aberrant angiogenesis
+Cytoskeletal protein modulation in pulmonary alveolar myofibroblasts during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Increased expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine2A/B receptors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a rationale for therapeutic intervention
+Signaling pathways and their miRNA regulators involved in the etiopathology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP)
+Alveolar epithelial cells express mesenchymal proteins in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+TGF-b1 induces tissue factor expression in human lung fibroblasts in a PI3K/JNK/Akt-dependent and AP-1-dependent manner
+Inhibitory effects of amines from Citrus reticulata on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats
+Focal adhesion kinase signaling determines the fate of lung epithelial cells in response to TGF-b
+Amplification of TGFb Induced ITGB6 Gene Transcription May Promote Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Fibrotic myofibroblasts manifest genome-wide derangements of translational control
+Inhibition and role of let-7d in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Beyond TGFb - Novel ways to target airway and parenchymal fibrosis
+Rapamycin increases CCN2 expression of lung fibroblasts via phosphoinositide 3-kinase
+Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells by transforming growth factor-beta1: potential role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+The profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor-b1 increases endothelial progenitor cell angiogenic properties
+Tannic acid attenuates TGF-b1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by effectively intervening TGF-b signaling in lung epithelial cells
+Predisposition for disrepair in the aged lung
+Differential expression of alpha E beta 7 integrins on bronchoalveolar lavage T lymphocyte subsets: regulation by alpha 4 beta 1-integrin crosslinking and TGF-beta
+MicroRNA regulatory networks in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Elevated sL1-CAM levels in BALF and serum of IPF patients
+Macrophage Bone Morphogenic Protein Receptor 2 (BMPR2) depletion in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and Group III Pulmonary Hypertension
+Wnt coreceptor Lrp5 is a driver of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+The potential application of strategic released apigenin from polymeric carrier in pulmonary fibrosis
+Immunomodulation by mesenchymal stem cells in treating human autoimmune disease-associated lung fibrosis
+Pirfenidone inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis development during insufficient mitophagy
+Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its role in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Resveratrol-Mediated Repression and Reversion of Prostatic Myofibroblast Phenoconversion
+Genetic partitioning of interleukin-6 signalling in mice dissociates Stat3 from Smad3-mediated lung fibrosis
+Effects of thymosin b4 and its N-terminal fragment Ac-SDKP on TGF-b-treated human lung fibroblasts and in the mouse model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis
+Transcription factor GATA-6 is expressed in quiescent myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Epithelial contribution to the pro-fibrotic stiff microenvironment and myofibroblast population in lung fibrosis
+The matricellular protein CCN1 enhances TGF-b1/SMAD3-dependent profibrotic signaling in fibroblasts and contributes to fibrogenic responses to lung injury
+[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer]
+MicroRNA-326 regulates profibrotic functions of transforming growth factor-b in pulmonary fibrosis
+Role of caveolin-1 in fibrotic diseases
+Latent cytomegalovirus infection exacerbates experimental pulmonary fibrosis by activating TGF-b1
+Significance of elevated procollagen-III-peptide and transforming growth factor-beta levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients
+The latent form of TGFbeta(1) is induced by TNFalpha through an ERK specific pathway and is activated by asbestos-derived reactive oxygen species in vitro and in vivo
+Sunitinib, a Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitor, Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
+Endogenous Semaphorin-7A Impedes Human Lung Fibroblast Differentiation
+Protective role of gambogic acid in experimental pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo
+An ex vivo model to induce early fibrosis-like changes in human precision-cut lung slices
+Differing Expression of Cytokines and Tumor Markers in Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema Compared to Emphysema and Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Differential effects of human neutrophil peptide-1 on growth factor and interleukin-8 production by human lung fibroblasts and epithelial cells
+miR-18a-5p Inhibits Sub-pleural Pulmonary Fibrosis by Targeting TGF-b Receptor II
+Human placental mesenchymal stem cells of fetal origins-alleviated inflammation and fibrosis by attenuating MyD88 signaling in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice
+Caveolin-1: a critical regulator of lung fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+TGF-beta driven lung fibrosis is macrophage dependent and blocked by Serum amyloid P
+Lysocardiolipin acyltransferase regulates TGF-b mediated lung fibroblast differentiation
+Fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and normal lungs differ in growth rate, apoptosis, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases expression
+Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 contributes to phenotype transformation of fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via multiple pathways
+Release of biologically active TGF-beta1 by alveolar epithelial cells results in pulmonary fibrosis
+Azithromycin attenuates myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis development through proteasomal degradation of NOX4
+[Potential role of cytokines in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]
+Overproduction of collagen and diminished SOCS1 expression are causally linked in fibroblasts from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Thalidomide reduces IL-18, IL-8 and TNF-alpha release from alveolar macrophages in interstitial lung disease
+The potential role of PDGF, IGF-1, TGF-beta expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Pathogenesis pathways of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced lung injury model in mice
+Hyper-responsiveness of IPF/UIP fibroblasts: interplay between TGFbeta1, IL-13 and CCL2
+VEGF ameliorates pulmonary hypertension through inhibition of endothelial apoptosis in experimental lung fibrosis in rats
+Genomewide RNA expression profiling in lung identifies distinct signatures in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and secondary pulmonary hypertension
+Transforming growth factor-b1 downregulates vascular endothelial growth factor-D expression in human lung fibroblasts via the Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathway
+Corilagin attenuates aerosol bleomycin-induced experimental lung injury
+Bleomycin induces molecular changes directly relevant to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a model for "active" disease
+Cytokine profiles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis suggest an important role for TGF-beta and IL-10
+Therapeutic targets in fibrotic pathways
+Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats: Involvement of Caveolin-1 and TGF-b1 Signal Pathway
+Suppression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by RNA interference attenuates pulmonary fibrosis
+Pirfenidone exerts antifibrotic effects through inhibition of GLI transcription factors
+Long-acting human serum albumin-thioredoxin fusion protein suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis progression
+Profibrotic role of WNT10A via TGF-b signaling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Mesenchymal Stem Cells Correct Inappropriate Epithelial-mesenchyme Relation in Pulmonary Fibrosis Using Stanniocalcin-1
+Angiotensin-TGF-beta 1 crosstalk in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: autocrine mechanisms in myofibroblasts and macrophages
+microRNA-1343 attenuates pathways of fibrosis by targeting the TGF-b receptors
+miR-199a-5p Is upregulated during fibrogenic response to tissue injury and mediates TGFbeta-induced lung fibroblast activation by targeting caveolin-1
+Increased expression of protease nexin-1 in fibroblasts during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis regulates thrombin activity and fibronectin expression
+Plasma CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor; CTGF) is a potential biomarker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)
+Cysteine-rich protein 1 is regulated by transforming growth factor-b1 and expressed in lung fibrosis
+Microencapsulation of lefty-secreting engineered cells for pulmonary fibrosis therapy in mice
+Accelerated epithelial cell senescence in IPF and the inhibitory role of SIRT6 in TGF-b-induced senescence of human bronchial epithelial cells
+Effect of Renshen Pingfei Decoction, a traditional Chinese prescription, on IPF induced by Bleomycin in rats and regulation of TGF-b1/Smad3
+M2 macrophages induce EMT through the TGF-b/Smad2 signaling pathway
+Pleural mesothelial cell transformation into myofibroblasts and haptotactic migration in response to TGF-beta1 in vitro
+Exercise Reduces Lung Fibrosis Involving Serotonin/Akt Signaling
+p63 - Key molecule in the early phase of epithelial abnormality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Chop Deficiency Protects Mice Against Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Attenuating M2 Macrophage Production
+miR  -221 targets HMGA2 to inhibit bleomycin  -induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating TGF  -b1/Smad3-induced EMT
+Increased interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-b Promotes de Novo Serine Synthesis for Collagen Production
+Autophagy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Molecular pathogenesis of interstitial pneumonitis with TNF-alpha transgenic mice
+Overexpression of Sulf2 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Wilms' tumor 1 (Wt1) regulates pleural mesothelial cell plasticity and transition into myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Two-Way Conversion between Lipogenic and Myogenic Fibroblastic Phenotypes Marks the Progression and Resolution of Lung Fibrosis
+Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-19 deficient fibroblasts display a profibrotic phenotype
+Epithelium-specific deletion of TGF-b receptor type II protects mice from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+[Pulmonary fibrosis--a therapeutic dilemma?]
+Bleomycin in the setting of lung fibrosis induction: From biological mechanisms to counteractions
+Signaling pathways in the epithelial origins of pulmonary fibrosis
+Assessment of the effect of potential antifibrotic compounds on total and aVb6 integrin-mediated TGF-b activation
+FGF-1 reverts epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-{beta}1 through MAPK/ERK kinase pathway
+The anti-fibrotic effect of inhibition of TGFb-ALK5 signalling in experimental pulmonary fibrosis in mice is attenuated in the presence of concurrent y-herpesvirus infection
+Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, fibroblast apoptosis resistance, and aging-related susceptibility to lung fibrosis
+Antifibrotic properties of receptor for advanced glycation end products in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Participation of miR-200 in pulmonary fibrosis
+Genetic polymorphism in matrix metalloproteinase-9 and transforming growth factor-b1 and susceptibility to combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema in  a Chinese population
+Proteasomal regulation of pulmonary fibrosis
+Inhibition of HSP27 blocks fibrosis development and EMT features by promoting Snail degradation
+Berberine attenuates bleomycin induced pulmonary toxicity and fibrosis via suppressing NF-kB dependant TGF-b activation: a biphasic experimental study
+Transforming growth factor-b inhibits IQ motif containing guanosine triphosphatase activating protein  1 expression in lung fibroblasts via the nuclear factor-kB signaling pathway
+Role of CD248 as a potential severity marker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Immunoglobulin A in serum: an old acquaintance as a new prognostic biomarker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Defect of hepatocyte growth factor secretion by fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Normal Human Lung Epithelial Cells Inhibit Transforming Growth Factor-b Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation via Prostaglandin E2
+The JAK2 pathway is activated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Inhibition of the KCa3.1 Channel Alleviates Established Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Large Animal Model
+Possible involvement of pirfenidone metabolites in the antifibrotic action of a therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Effect of pirfenidone on proliferation, TGF-b-induced myofibroblast differentiation and fibrogenic activity of primary human lung fibroblasts
+Olodaterol shows anti-fibrotic efficacy in in vitro and in vivo models of pulmonary fibrosis
+Human lung myofibroblast TGFb1-dependent Smad2/3 signalling is Ca(2+)-dependent and regulated by KCa3.1 K(+) channels
+AKT2 Regulates Pulmonary Inflammation and Fibrosis via Modulating Macrophage Activation
+[Quantifying plasma levels of transforming growth factor beta1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]
+Transforming growth factor-beta1 in sarcoidosis
+BAX inhibitor-1-associated V-ATPase glycosylation enhances collagen degradation in pulmonary fibrosis
+The anti-fibrotic effects of microRNA-153 by targeting TGFBR-2 in pulmonary fibrosis
+Cytokines in human lung fibrosis
+MicroRNA-101 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and activation
+Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: pathobiology of novel approaches to treatment
+Novel pharmacological approaches to manage interstitial lung fibrosis in the twenty-first century
+De-ubiquitinating enzyme, USP11, promotes transforming growth factor b-1 signaling through stabilization of transforming growth factor b receptor II
+SPARC suppresses apoptosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts through constitutive activation of beta-catenin
+Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein (ACLP) enhances lung myofibroblast differentiation through transforming growth factor b receptor-dependent and -independent pathways
+IL-4 polymorphisms, HRCT score and lung tissue markers in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+TGF-beta1 induces human alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EMT)
+NADPH oxidase-4 mediates myofibroblast activation and fibrogenic responses to lung injury
+TGF-beta 1 as an enhancer of Fas-mediated apoptosis of lung epithelial cells
+Novel Mechanisms for the Antifibrotic Action of Nintedanib
+MicroRNA-29c regulates apoptosis sensitivity via modulation of the cell-surface death receptor, Fas, in lung fibroblasts
+Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 3 and 5 are overexpressed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and contribute to extracellular matrix deposition
+Bile acids induce activation of alveolar epithelial cells and lung fibroblasts through farnesoid X receptor-dependent and independent pathways
+Determining the True Selectivity Profile of av Integrin Ligands Using Radioligand Binding: Applying an Old Solution to a New Problem
+Fibroblastic foci, covered with alveolar epithelia exhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, destroy alveolar septa by disrupting blood flow in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Connective tissue growth factor expression and induction by transforming growth factor-beta is abrogated by simvastatin via a Rho signaling mechanism
+Increased Galectin-9 Concentration and Number of CD4+Foxp3high+Cells in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of Patients with Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia
+Cytokine gene polymorphisms in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Regulation of human lung fibroblast C1q-receptors by transforming growth factor-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha
+Sorafenib ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: potential roles in the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast activation
+Matrix metalloproteinase 3 is a mediator of pulmonary fibrosis
+Microarray profiling reveals suppressed interferon stimulated gene program in fibroblasts from scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease
+Effects of antifibrotic agents on TGF-beta1, CTGF and IFN-gamma expression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+NOX4/NADPH oxidase expression is increased in pulmonary fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and mediates TGFbeta1-induced fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts
+[The expressions and meanings of BMP-7 and TGF-b in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia]
+Increased deposition of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycan and upregulation of b1,3-glucuronosyltransferase I in pulmonary fibrosis
+Identification and validation of differentially expressed transcripts by RNA-sequencing of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissue from patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Increased TGF-beta1 in the lungs of asbestos-exposed rats and mice: reduced expression in TNF-alpha receptor knockout mice
+Discovery and validation of extracellular/circulating microRNAs during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis disease progression
+Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in relation to gene polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-b1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
+Comparative study of transforming growth factor-b signalling and regulatory molecules in human and canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+TGF-b1 T869C polymorphism may affect susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and disease severity
+Inhibition of PI3K prevents the proliferation and differentiation of human lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts: the role of class I P110 isoforms
+Medical treatment for pulmonary fibrosis: current trends, concepts, and prospects
+Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L5 promotes TGFb-1 signaling by de-ubiquitinating and stabilizing Smad2/Smad3 in pulmonary fibrosis
+Contribution of the anaphylatoxin receptors, C3aR and C5aR, to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis
+Comparison between conventional and "clinical" assessment of experimental lung fibrosis
+MOXIBUSTION HAS A POSITIVE EFFECT ON PULMONARY FIBROSIS: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH
+Intratracheal bleomycin causes airway remodeling and airflow obstruction in mice
+Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in age-related susceptibility to lung fibrosis
+Transforming growth factor b1 (TGFb1)-induced CD44V6-NOX4 signaling in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Increased levels of prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite (PGE-MUM) in chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia
+Cub domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) negatively regulates TGFb signaling and myofibroblast differentiation
+The mannose-6-phosphate analogue, PXS64, inhibits fibrosis via TGF-b1 pathway in human lung fibroblasts
+Reduced Ets Domain-containing Protein Elk1 Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis via Increased Integrin avb6 Expression
+Pirfenidone inhibits TGF-b1-induced over-expression of collagen type I and heat shock protein 47 in A549 cells
+N-acetylcysteine inhibits alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition
+BAL cytokine profile in different interstitial lung diseases: a focus on systemic sclerosis
+Expression of RXFP1 Is Decreased in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Anti-fibrotic effects of nintedanib in lung fibroblasts derived from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Effect of an immunotoxin to folate receptor beta on bleomycin-induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis
+Pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis, etiology and regulation
+Smooth muscle alpha-actin expression and myofibroblast differentiation by TGFbeta are dependent upon MK2
+Modulation of CD11c+ lung dendritic cells in respect to TGF-b in experimental pulmonary fibrosis
+Microsatellite instability in transforming growth factor-beta 1 type II receptor gene in alveolar lining epithelial cells of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Profibrotic role of miR-154 in pulmonary fibrosis
+miR-323a-3p regulates lung fibrosis by targeting multiple profibrotic pathways
+Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies diverse roles of epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 in the peripheral blood of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+The Anti-fibrotic Effects and Mechanisms of MicroRNA-486-5p in Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor signaling facilitates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis independently of transforming growth factor-beta
+Low-dose paclitaxel ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing TGF-b1/Smad3 pathway via miR-140 upregulation
+IPF lung fibroblasts have a senescent phenotype
+Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase is an endogenous suppressor of pulmonary fibrosis: role of S1P signalling and autophagy
+Roles of p38 MAPK and JNK in TGF-b1-induced human alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+The role of microRNA-155/liver X receptor pathway in experimental and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Sphingosine-1-phosphate is increased in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+MiR-338* targeting smoothened to inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by epithelial-mesenchymal transition
+MAP3K19 Is a Novel Regulator of TGF-b Signaling That Impacts Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis
+Nitric oxide attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells
+N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits TGF-beta1-induced profibrotic responses in fibroblasts
+Sirtuin 7 is decreased in pulmonary fibrosis and regulates the fibrotic phenotype of lung fibroblasts
+Evaluation of permeability alteration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-b1 in A549, NCI-H441, and Calu-3 cells: Development of an in vitro model of respiratory epithelial cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Dysregulated Collagen Homeostasis by Matrix Stiffening and TGF-b1 in Fibroblasts from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients: Role of FAK/Akt
+Hydrogen peroxide is a diffusible paracrine signal for the induction of epithelial cell death by activated myofibroblasts
+TGF-b1 stimulates HDAC4 nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation and NADPH oxidase 4-derived reactive oxygen species in normal human lung fibroblasts
+Effects of a leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Fibrogenic Lung Injury Induces Non-Cell-Autonomous Fibroblast Invasion
+Raised serum levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Sphingolipids in pulmonary fibrosis
+Inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling reduces virus load and gammaherpesvirus-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Sustained PI3K Activation exacerbates BLM-induced Lung Fibrosis via activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways
+Triptolide suppresses paraquat induced idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting TGFB1-dependent epithelial mesenchymal transition
+N-acetylcysteine downregulation of lysyl oxidase activity alleviating bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats
+Cytokine gene polymorphisms and BALF cytokine levels in interstitial lung diseases
+[The morphology and molecular bases of damage to the stem cell niche of respiratory acini in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias]
+Lactic acid is elevated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and induces myofibroblast differentiation via pH-dependent activation of transforming growth factor-b
+Differential mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 splice variants in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis
+The hedgehog system machinery controls transforming growth factor-b-dependent myofibroblastic differentiation in humans: involvement in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Neutrophil elastase promotes myofibroblast differentiation in lung fibrosis
+Effects and mechanisms of pirfenidone, prednisone and acetylcysteine on pulmonary fibrosis in rat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis models
+Sustained Activation of Toll-Like Receptor 9 Induces an Invasive Phenotype in Lung Fibroblasts: Possible Implications in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
+PPAR-y ligands repress TGFb-induced myofibroblast differentiation by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway: implications for therapy of fibrosis
+WISP1 mediates IL-6-dependent proliferation in primary human lung fibroblasts
+BALF N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase activities in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Melatonin attenuates TGFb1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung alveolar epithelial cells
+Transglutaminase 2 and its role in pulmonary fibrosis
+The role of cytokines in human lung fibrosis
+JAK2 mediates lung fibrosis, pulmonary vascular remodelling and hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an experimental study
+Ambroxol hydrochloride in the management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Clinical trials are the need of the hour
+Reactive oxygen species are required for maintenance and differentiation of primary lung fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+MiR-5100 targets TOB2 to drive epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with activating smad2/3 in lung epithelial cells
+IL-17A deficiency mitigates bleomycin-induced complement activation during lung fibrosis
+Inhibitory effect of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) on the TGF-b-induced alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition
+miR-9-5p suppresses pro-fibrogenic transformation of fibroblasts and prevents organ fibrosis by targeting NOX4 and TGFBR2
+Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN) promotes lung fibroblast proliferation, survival and differentiation to myofibroblasts
+Regulation of 26S Proteasome Activity in Pulmonary Fibrosis
+TGF-beta-induced EMT: mechanisms and implications for fibrotic lung disease
+Membrane-anchored Serine Protease Matriptase Is a Trigger of Pulmonary Fibrogenesis
+Pleural mesothelial cells in pleural and lung diseases
+Pleural mesothelial cell differentiation and invasion in fibrogenic lung injury
+Absence of Thy-1 results in TGF-b induced MMP-9 expression and confers a profibrotic phenotype to human lung fibroblasts
+[Different cytokine profiles in usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia]
+Signalling pathways from NADPH oxidase-4 to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Essential role for the ATG4B protease and autophagy in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Interplay between RAGE, CD44, and focal adhesion molecules in epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar epithelial cells
+Deregulation of selective autophagy during aging and pulmonary fibrosis: the role of TGFb1
+Are mast cells instrumental for fibrotic diseases? Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disorder of unknown etiology characterized by accumulation of lung fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition, ultimately leading to compromised tissue architecture and lung function capacity
+Association between cytokine removal by polymyxin B hemoperfusion and improved pulmonary oxygenation in patients with acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+The Role of PPARs in Lung Fibrosis
+Increased production and immunohistochemical localization of transforming growth factor-beta in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+TNF-alpha, PDGF, and TGF-beta(1) expression by primary mouse bronchiolar-alveolar epithelial and mesenchymal cells: tnf-alpha induces TGF-beta(1)
+MiR-338* suppresses fibrotic pathogenesis in pulmonary fibrosis through targeting LPA1
+Metformin attenuates lung fibrosis development via NOX4 suppression
+Investigation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) involvement in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
+Anchorage-independent colony growth of pulmonary fibroblasts derived from fibrotic human lung tissue
+The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Interstitial fibrosis and growth factors
+Overexpression of squamous cell carcinoma antigen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: clinicopathological correlations
+TIAM1 inhibits lung fibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis
+Intrinsic defence capacity and therapeutic potential of natriuretic peptides in pulmonary hypertension associated with lung fibrosis
+Role of integrin-mediated TGFbeta activation in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis
+Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 deficiency exacerbates pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice
+Antifibrotic effects of cyclosporine A on TGF-b1-treated lung fibroblasts and lungs from bleomycin-treated mice: role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1a
+Preventive and therapeutic effects of thymosin b4 N-terminal fragment Ac-SDKP in the bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis
+The role of halofuginone in fibrosis: more to be explored? Fibrosis, which can be defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly fibrillar collagens, is a key driver of progressive organ dysfunction in many inflammatory and metabolic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cirrhosis, nephropathy, and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
+Leucine-rich a-2 glycoprotein promotes lung fibrosis by modulating TGF-b signaling in fibroblasts
+Forkhead Box F1 (FOXF1) represses cell growth, COL1 and ARPC2 expression in lung fibroblasts in vitro
+Nitrated fatty acids reverse pulmonary fibrosis by dedifferentiating myofibroblasts and promoting collagen uptake by alveolar macrophages
+Serpin B4 isoform overexpression is associated with aberrant epithelial proliferation and lung cancer in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Modulation of specific beta cell gene (re)expression during in vitro expansion of human pancreatic islet cells
+Dehydroepiandrosterone has strong antifibrotic effects and is decreased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Regulation of the effects of TGF-beta 1 by activation of latent TGF-beta 1 and differential expression of TGF-beta receptors (T beta R-I and T beta R-II) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+MiR-541-5p regulates lung fibrosis by targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A
+Lipoxin A4 Attenuates Constitutive and TGF-b1-Dependent Profibrotic Activity in Human Lung Myofibroblasts
+Establishment of the mouse model of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+CCN5 overexpression inhibits profibrotic phenotypes via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in lung fibroblasts isolated from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and in an in vivo model of lung fibrosis
+Spiruchostatin A inhibits proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts from patients with pulmonary fibrosis
+Periostin promotes fibrosis and predicts progression in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (LIGHT) controls thymic stromal lymphopoietin to drive pulmonary fibrosis
+High levels of IL-6 and IL-8 characterize early-on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis acute exacerbations
+Mast cell chymase: an indispensable instrument in the pathological symphony of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and fatal lung disease with no known etiology and treatment options
+Defect of pro-hepatocyte growth factor activation by fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Lung infection with gamma-herpesvirus induces progressive pulmonary fibrosis in Th2-biased mice
+Role of von Hippel-Lindau protein in fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis
+miR-21 mediates fibrogenic activation of pulmonary fibroblasts and lung fibrosis
+Amplified canonical transforming growth factor-b signalling<i>via</i>heat shock protein 90 in pulmonary fibrosis
+Pirfenidone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating Nrf2/Bach1 equilibrium
+miR-31 is a negative regulator of fibrogenesis and pulmonary fibrosis
+Cytokine gene polymorphisms and serum cytokine levels in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Thalidomide prevents bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
+Reduced expression of BMP3 contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis and predicts the unfavorable prognosis in IIP patients
+The antifibrotic effects and mechanisms of microRNA-26a action in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+The K+ channel KCa3.1 as a novel target for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+The Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 and transforming growth factor--b1 synergistically induce epithelial--mesenchymal transition in lung epithelial cells
+An inhibitor of NADPH oxidase-4 attenuates established pulmonary fibrosis in a rodent disease model
+TRPV4 mediates myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis in mice
+Cigarette Smoke Enhances the Expression of Profibrotic Molecules in Alveolar Epithelial Cells
+Pleiotropic effect of the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole leading to suppression of lung inflammation and fibrosis
+Activated human T lymphocytes inhibit TGFb-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation via prostaglandins D2 and E2
+Sputum biomarkers in IPF: Evidence for raised gene expression and protein level of IGFBP-2, IL-8 and MMP-7
+STAT3-mediated signaling dysregulates lung fibroblast-myofibroblast activation and differentiation in UIP/IPF
+Peripheral depletion of NK cells and imbalance of the Treg/Th17 axis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients
+Bone morphogenetic protein-4 inhibitor gremlin is overexpressed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+TGF-b1 induces Fstl1 via the Smad3-c-Jun pathway in lung fibroblasts
+Role of protease-activated receptor-2 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Type V collagen induced tolerance suppresses collagen deposition, TGF-b and associated transcripts in pulmonary fibrosis
+Syndecan-2 is a novel target of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 and is over-expressed in fibrosis
+Matrix regulation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the role of enzymes
+Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
+Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Aging, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Cellular Bioenergetics
+HSP27 regulates TGF-b mediated lung fibroblast differentiation through the Smad3 and ERK pathways
+Inhibition of mechanosensitive signaling in myofibroblasts ameliorates experimental pulmonary fibrosis
+Extracellular superoxide dismutase has a highly specific localization in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia
+Early growth response transcription factors: key mediators of fibrosis and novel targets for anti-fibrotic therapy
+[A role for mesothelial cells in the genesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?]
+Effects of the tumor suppressor PTEN on the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in Chinese patients
+Different effects of growth factors on proliferation and matrix production of normal and fibrotic human lung fibroblasts
+The impact of TGF-b on lung fibrosis: from targeting to biomarkers
+Pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+SNAI transcription factors mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung fibrosis
+TGF-b activation and lung fibrosis
+Herpes virus infection is associated with vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+N-acetylcysteine inhibits TNF-alpha, sTNFR, and TGF-beta1 release by alveolar macrophages in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in vitro
+Recombinant human serum amyloid P in healthy volunteers and patients with pulmonary fibrosis
+Protective role of andrographolide in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
+Transforming growth factor beta1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of A549 cells
+[The potential role of cytokines expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]
+X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis regulates lung fibroblast resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis
+Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: immunohistochemical analysis provides fresh insights into lung tissue remodelling with implications for novel prognostic markers
+PI3K p110y overexpression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung tissue and fibroblast cells: in vitro effects of its inhibition
+Alveolar epithelial cell injury with Epstein-Barr virus upregulates TGFbeta1 expression
+CXCL9 Regulates TGF-b1-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells
+Expression of mucosa-related integrin alphaEbeta7 on alveolar T cells in interstitial lung diseases
+Effects of cigarette smoke extract on A549 cells and human lung fibroblasts treated with transforming growth factor-beta1 in a coculture system
+Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 nuclear translocation induces myofibroblastic dedifferentiation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Rapamycin regulates connective tissue growth factor expression of lung epithelial cells via phosphoinositide 3-kinase
+Autophagy and inflammation in chronic respiratory disease
+Bone morphogenetic protein-inducer tilorone identified by high-throughput screening is antifibrotic in vivo
+Peptide-mediated inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Reviews and prospectives of signaling pathway analysis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Membrane type-matrix metalloproteinases in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Endothelin-1 induces alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal transition through endothelin type A receptor-mediated production of TGF-beta1
+Effect of glycosides based standardized fenugreek seed extract in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats: Decisive role of Bax, Nrf2, NF-kB, Muc5ac, TNF-a and IL-1b
+Simvastatin inhibits growth factor expression and modulates profibrogenic markers in lung fibroblasts
+Lung fibrotic tenascin-C upregulation is associated with other extracellular matrix proteins and induced by TGFb1
+Activated MCTC mast cells infiltrate diseased lung areas in cystic fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+EMT and interstitial lung disease: a mysterious relationship
+Type II alveolar epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts express connective tissue growth factor in IPF
+Anti-fibrotic Role of aB-crystallin Inhibition in Pleural and Subpleural Fibrosis
+Fibrosis of two: Epithelial cell-fibroblast interactions in pulmonary fibrosis
+Lysyl oxidases regulate fibrillar collagen remodelling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Crosstalk between TGF-b1 and complement activation augments epithelial injury in pulmonary fibrosis
+RhoA signaling modulates cyclin D1 expression in human lung fibroblasts; implications for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+MicroRNAs in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Titration of non-replicating adenovirus as a vector for transducing active TGF-beta1 gene expression causing inflammation and fibrogenesis in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice
+Yin yang 1 is a novel regulator of pulmonary fibrosis
+Age-driven developmental drift in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Current and novel drug therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Proliferation of pulmonary interstitial fibroblasts is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta1-induced release of extracellular fibroblast growth factor-2 and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK
+Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is upregulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-b and is required for TGF-b-induced hydrogen peroxide production in fibroblasts
+Semaphorin 7a+ regulatory T cells are associated with progressive idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and are implicated in transforming growth factor-b1-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Regulation of transforming growth factor-b1-driven lung fibrosis by galectin-3
+Reduced transcription of the Smad4 gene during pulmonary carcinogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
+Abrogation of TGF-beta1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation by histone deacetylase inhibition
+Curcumin inhibits fibrosis-related effects in IPF fibroblasts and in mice following bleomycin-induced lung injury
+Targeting sphingosine kinase 1 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
+Data on CUX1 isoforms in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung and systemic sclerosis skin tissue sections
+Arsenic trioxide inhibits transforming growth factor-b1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in vitro and bleomycin induced lung fibrosis in vivo
+Expression of WNT5A in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Its Control by TGF-b and WNT7B in Human Lung Fibroblasts
+Negative regulation of myofibroblast differentiation by PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on chromosome 10)

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+TGF
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+Aortic
+NADPH
+Herpes
+Bach1
+Ca
+Dysregulated
+Membrane
+TGFBR
+Connective
+Decreased
+TIAM1
+Serpin
+Fstl1
+CCN1
+BLM
+Sphingosine
+C57BL
+Data
+Dogs
+Organizing
+IGF
+COL1
+CD44V6
+BMPER
+ARPC2
+Galectin
+Lindau
+Inappropriate
+Microencapsulation
+Oxidant
+M2
+Renshen
+Sputum
+Snail
+Inducer
+Prognostic
+Storage
+MAPK
+Citrus
+PPAR
+Collagen
+Matriptase
+Arsenic
+Long
+F1
+Deleted
+Genomewide
+PXS64
+Lysyl
+ERK
+Calu
+MyD88
+aB
+Activity
+Applying
+Secreted
+Control
+BM
+Mitochondrial
+Age
+EZH2
+Overproduction
+Way
+The
+DDR2
+1A
+Rho
+Bronchoalveolar
+TGFbeta1
+Akt
+ERK1
+Novo
+Curcumin
+FGF
+C5aR
+17A
+Lysocardiolipin
+Protects
+Predisposition
+Thy
+C1q
+Nintedanib
+High
+KCa3
+Olodaterol
+Reviews
+Proliferation
+Immunomodulation
+Attenuates
+Gremlin
+Cthrc1
+Vimentin
+Elk1
+Lipoxin
+IQ
+Roles
+BAL
+Relation
+Autophagy
+IGFBP
+Inhibition
+BMP
+Anchorage
+ITGB6
+Mode
+Modulating
+miRNAs
+Inhibit
+PHGDH
+Up
+Phosphatase
+TGFbeta
+C3aR
+Pseudomonas
+Comparative
+Reduced
+Crosstalk
+Conversion
+Injury
+Phenotypes
+CD4
+MicroRNAs
+Regulates
+TNFalpha
+Pirfenidone
+Raised
+Old
+Cartilage
+Prostaglandin
+BMP3
+BARD1
+Deficiency
+RhoA
+AKT2
+NF
+Cigarette
+GATA
+MAP3K19
+sTNFR
+NK
+Different
+Subjects
+Autoimmunity
+Mast
+Single
+Microsomal
+WNT7B
+MK2
+TGFb1
+CCN2
+Growth
+Prostatic
+PGE
+Abrogation
+Stem
+EBV
+Microsatellite
+Nrf2
+Epstein
+Club
+TGFB1
+ATG4B
+Differentiation
+EMMPRIN
+Smad3
+Genetic
+Sorafenib
+IFN
+Impacts
+Key
+Activated
+AKT
+Th2
+PTEN
+USP11
+IL
+Effect
+HDAC4
+Free
+Sunitinib
+Established
+Fluid
+Decisive
+Inhibits
+Marks
+mTORC2
+Trigger
+Concentration
+Intratracheal
+Participation
+Against
+Expression
+kappaB
+Role
+Rats
+Intrinsic
+Epigenetic
+Smooth
+NOX4
+Tumor
+Rapamycin
+microRNA
+Overexpression
+Current
+Muc5ac
+Combined
+II
+D1
+Accelerated
+Regulator
+Pleural
+Invasive
+alphaEbeta7
+From
+MUM
+Immunoglobulin
+Beta1
+Small
+Sphingolipids
+Stiffening
+FFPE
+miR
+LPA1
+B4
+Two
+Extracellular
+Enhances
+Evaluation
+Recent
+Elevated
+Re
+IIP
+CD44
+Interactions
+CXCL9
+Protective
+Ets
+Preventive
+Establishment
+ALK5
+Increased
+Values
+kDa
+Large
+May
+Transcription
+ACLP
+Cryptogenic
+Ubiquitin
+GLI
+L5
+Discoidin
+Bleomycin
+Carbon
+Renin
+CUX1
+Correct
+Constitutive
+SNAI
+Bile
+Assessment
+Fibrotic
+Differing
+Development
+Channel
+Simvastatin
+CAM
+Fibroblasts
+Melatonin
+SIRT6
+STAT3
+Tensin
+Pingfei
+Stanniocalcin
+Bax
+Group
+mRNA
+Selectivity
+Emphysema
+Barr
+Berberine
+Metformin
+Hsp90
+CDCP1
+T869C
+EMT
+ADAM
+Cub
+Pneumonia
+Induces
+FOXF1
+Upregulation
+H441
+RAGE
+Myofibroblasts
+JAK2
+Interstitial
+Amplified
+Fibrosis
+Microarray
+Developmental
+CTGF
+Serine
+Integrin
+AP
+Fas
+During
+CCN5
+Insulin
+Pleiotropic
+TGFb
+Evidence
+Phenoconversion
+Comparison
+Smoke
+Box
+microRNAs
+Anti
+Suppression
+A549
+Chop
+Jun
+Myofibroblast
+Dysfunction
+Axis
+IPF
+MS80
+S1P
+Inhibitory
+Interleukin
+Action
+Bioenergetics
+Transition
+Hyper
+Lrp5
+Model
+cAMP
+Medical
+SDKP
+UIP
+Animal
+Forkhead
+lncRNA
+Lung
+Antifibrotic
+Induction
+Titration
+Epithelial
+OSF
+ATPase
+Reactive
+TNF
+aVb6
+Molecule
+NEU1
+Deregulation
+Idiopathic
+An
+Using
+Quantifying
+BMPR2
+Foxp3high
+sL1
+Profile
+Sulf2
+Mediates
+Markers
+VCAM

+#!/usr/bin/python
+# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-
+# Python2.7
+
+import numpy as np
+import logging
+import os
+from functools import partial
+from pdb import set_trace as st
+logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s : %(levelname)s : %(message)s',
+                    level=logging.INFO)
+
+
+class wisse(object):
+    """ Both the TFIDFVectorizer and the word embedding model must be pretrained, either from the local 
+        sentence corpus or from model persintence.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, embeddings, vectorizer, tf_tfidf, combiner = "sum"):
+        self.tokenize = vectorizer.build_tokenizer()
+        self.tfidf = vectorizer
+        self.embedding = embeddings
+        self.pred_tfidf = tf_tfidf
+        if combiner.startswith("avg"):
+            self.comb = partial(np.mean, axis = 0)
+        else:
+            self.comb = partial(np.sum, axis = 0)
+
+
+    def fit(self, X, y = None): # Scikit-learn template
+        if isinstance(X, list):
+            self.sentences = X
+
+        return self
+
+
+    def transform(self, X):
+        if isinstance(X, list):
+            return self.fit(X)
+
+        elif isinstance(X, str):
+            return self.infer_sentence(X)
+
+    
+    def fit_transform(self, X, y=None):
+        return self.transform(X)
+
+
+    def infer_sentence(self, sent):
+        ss = self.tokenize(sent)
+        missing_bow = []
+        missing_cbow = []
+        series = {}
+
+        if not ss == []:
+            self.weights, m = self.infer_tfidf_weights(ss)
+        else:
+            return None
+
+        missing_bow += m
+
+        for w in self.weights:
+            try:
+                series[w] = (self.weights[w], self.embedding[w])
+            except KeyError:
+                series[w] = None
+                missing_cbow.append(w)
+                continue
+            except IndexError:
+                continue
+
+        if self.weights == {}: return None
+        # Embedding the sentence... :
+        sentence = np.array([series[w][1] for w in series if not series[w] is None])
+        series = {}
+
+        return missing_cbow, missing_bow, self.comb(sentence)
+
+
+    def infer_tfidf_weights(self, sentence):
+        existent = {}
+        missing = []
+
+        if not self.tfidf:
+            for word in sentence:
+                existent[word] = 1.0
+
+            return existent, missing
+
+        if self.pred_tfidf:
+            unseen = self.tfidf.transform([" ".join(sentence)]).toarray()
+            for word in sentence:
+                try:
+                    existent[word] = unseen[0][self.tfidf.vocabulary_[word]]
+                except KeyError:
+                    missing.append(word)
+                    continue
+        else:
+            for word in sentence:
+                try:
+                    weight = vectorizer.idf_[vectorizer.vocabulary_[word]]
+                    existent[word] = weight if weight > 2 else 0.01
+                except KeyError:
+                    missing.append(word)
+                    continue
+
+        return existent, missing
+
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for s in self.sentences:
+            yield self.transform(s)
+
+
+def save_dense(directory, filename, array):
+    directory=os.path.normpath(directory) + '/'
+#    try:
+    if filename.isalpha():
+            np.save(directory + filename, array)
+    else:
+            return None
+#    except UnicodeEncodeError:
+#        return None    
+
+def load_dense(filename):
+    return np.load(filename)
+
+
+def load_sparse_bsr(filename):
+    loader = np.load(filename) 
+    return bsr_matrix((loader['data'], loader['indices'], loader['indptr']),                       
+        shape=loader['shape']) 
+
+
+def save_sparse_bsr(directory, filename, array):     
+# note that .npz extension is added automatically     
+    directory=os.path.normpath(directory) + '/'
+    if word.isalpha():
+        array=array.tobsr()
+        np.savez(directory + filename, data=array.data, indices=array.indices,              
+            indptr=array.indptr, shape=array.shape) 
+    else:
+        return None
+
+
+class vector_space(object):
+    def __init__(self, directory, sparse = False):
+        self.sparse = sparse 
+        ext = ".npz" if sparse else ".npy"
+        if directory.endswith(".tar.gz"):
+            self._tar = True
+            import tarfile
+            self.tar = tarfile.open(directory)
+            file_list = self.tar.getnames() #[os.path.basename(n) for n in self.tar.getnames()]
+            self.words = {os.path.basename(word).replace(ext, ''): word 
+                                                    for word in file_list}
+        else:
+            self._tar = False
+            directory = os.path.normpath(directory) + '/' 
+            file_list = os.listdir(directory)
+            self.words = {word.replace(ext, ''): directory + word 
+                                                for word in file_list}
+
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        if self.sparse:
+            if self._tar:
+                member = self.tar.getmember(self.words[item])
+                word = self.tar.extractfile(member)
+            else:
+                word = self.words[item]
+            #return load_sparse_bsr(self.words[item])
+            return load_sparse_bsr(word) 
+
+        else:
+            if self._tar:
+                member = self.tar.getmember(self.words[item])
+                word = self.tar.extractfile(member)
+            else:
+                word = self.words[item]
+            #return load_sparse_bsr(self.words[item])
+            return load_dense(word)
+
+
+def keyed2indexed(keyed_model, output_dir = "word_embeddings/", parallel = True, n_jobs = -1):
+    output_dir = os.path.normpath(output_dir) + '/'
+    if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
+        os.makedirs(output_dir)
+
+    if parallel:
+        from joblib import Parallel, delayed
+
+        Parallel(n_jobs = n_jobs, verbose = 10)(delayed(save_dense)(output_dir, word, keyed_model[word]) 
+                                                        for word, _ in keyed_model.vocab.items())
+    else:
+        for word, _ in keyed_model.vocab.items():
+            save_dense(output_dir, word, keyed_model[word])
+    
+
+class streamer(object):
+    def __init__(self, file_name):
+        self.file_name = file_name
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for s in open(self.file_name):
+            yield s.strip()

+#!/usr/bin/python
+# -*- coding: latin-1 -*-
+# Python2.7
+from gensim.models.keyedvectors import KeyedVectors as vDB
+from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
+import numpy as np
+#import numexpr as ne
+import argparse
+#import _pickle as pickle
+#import cPickle as pickle
+import logging
+import os
+from functools import partial
+import wisse
+
+
+load_vectors = vDB.load_word2vec_format
+
+logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s : %(levelname)s : %(message)s',
+                    level=logging.INFO)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="""This use example shows sentence 
+        embedding by using WISSE. The input is a text file which has a sentece in 
+        each of its rows. The output file has two tab-separated columns: the index
+        line of the sentece in the input file and the sentence vector representation
+        .""")
+    parser.add_argument("--idfmodel", help = """Input file containing IDF
+                                        pre-trained weights. If not provided,
+                                        all word vector weights will be set to
+                                        1.0. If 'local' tf-idf weights will be
+                                        computed locally from the input file
+                                        (pickled sklearn object).""",
+                                        default = None)
+    parser.add_argument("--embedmodel", help = """Input file containing word
+                                            embeddings model (binary and text
+                                            are allowed).""", required = True)
+    parser.add_argument("--output", help = """Output file containing the sentence
+                                            embeddings.""", default = "")
+    parser.add_argument("--input", help = """Input file containing a sentence
+                                            by row.""", required = True)
+    parser.add_argument("--comb", help = """Desired word vector combination for
+                                        sentence representation {sum, avg}.
+                                        (default = 'sum')""", default = "sum")
+    parser.add_argument("--suffix", nargs = '?', help = """A suffix to be added
+                                        to the output file (default = '')""",
+                                            default = "", required = False)
+    parser.add_argument("--tfidf", help="""To predict TFIDF complete weights
+                                        ('tfidf') or use only partial IDFs
+                                        ('idf'). (default = 'tfidf')""",
+                                        default = "tfidf")
+    parser.add_argument("--localw", help = """TFIDF word vector weights
+                                    computed locally from the input file of
+                                    sentences {freq, binary, sublinear}
+                                    (default='none').""", default = "none")
+    parser.add_argument("--stop", help = """Toggles stripping stop words in
+                                    locally computed word vector weights.""",
+                                                        action = "store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--format", help = """The format of the embedding model
+                                     file: {binary, text, wisse}. 
+                                    default = 'binary'""", default = "binary")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+
+    if not args.format.startswith("wisse"):
+        if not os.path.isfile(args.embedmodel):
+            logging.info("""Embedding model file does not exist (EXIT):
+                \n%s\n ...""" % args.embedmodel)
+            exit()
+    elif not os.path.exists(args.embedmodel):
+        logging.info("""Embedding model directory does not exist (EXIT):
+                \n%s\n ...""" % args.embedmodel)
+        exit()
+
+    if not os.path.isfile(args.idfmodel) and not args.idfmodel.startswith("local"):
+        logging.info("""IDF model file does not exist (EXIT):
+                \n%s\n ...""" % args.idfmodel)
+        exit()
+    if not os.path.isfile(args.input):
+        logging.info("""Input file does not exist (EXIT):
+                \n%s\n ...""" % args.input)
+        exit()
+    if args.output != "":
+        if os.path.dirname(args.output) != "":
+            if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(args.output)):
+                logging.info("""Output directory does not exist (EXIT):
+                    \n%s\n ...""" % args.output)
+                exit()
+            else:
+                output_name = args.output
+        else:
+            output_name = args.output
+    else:
+        suffix = "_".join([embedding_name,
+            args.comb,
+            args.tfidf,
+            "local" if args.idfmodel.startswith("local") else tfidf_name,
+            args.suffix]).strip("_")
+        output_name = args.input + ".output_" + suffix
+
+
+    if args.tfidf.startswith("tfidf"):
+        pred_tfidf = True
+    elif args.tfidf.startswith("idf"):
+        pred_tfidf = False
+    else:
+        pred_tfidf = False
+        tfidf = False
+
+    vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer(min_df = 1,
+                encoding = "latin-1",
+                decode_error = "replace",
+                lowercase = True,
+                binary = True if args.localw.startswith("bin") else False,
+                sublinear_tf = True if args.localw.startswith("subl") else False,
+                stop_words = "english" if args.stop else None)
+
+    sentences = wisse.streamer(args.input)
+
+    if args.idfmodel.startswith("local"):
+        logging.info("Fitting local TFIDF weights from: %s ..." % args.input)
+        tfidf = vectorizer.fit(sentences)
+
+    elif os.path.isfile(args.idfmodel):
+        logging.info("Loading global TFIDF weights from: %s ..." % args.idfmodel)
+        with open(args.idfmodel, 'rb') as f:
+            tfidf = pickle.load(f)#, encoding = 'latin-1')
+
+    else:
+        tfidf = False
+
+    try:
+        if args.format.startswith("bin"):
+            embedding = load_vectors(args.embedmodel, binary = True,
+                                                        encoding = "latin-1")
+        elif args.format.startswith("tex"):
+            embedding = load_vectors(args.embedmodel, binary = False,
+                                                        encoding = "latin-1")
+        else:
+            embedding = wisse.vector_space(args.embedmodel, sparse = False)
+
+    except:
+        logging.info(
+            """Error while loading word embedding model. Verify if the file
+            is broken (EXIT)...\n%s\n""" % args.embedmodel)
+        exit()
+
+    embedding_name = os.path.basename(args.embedmodel).split(".")[0]
+    tfidf_name = os.path.basename(args.idfmodel).split(".")[0]
+
+    missing_bow = []    # Stores missing words in the TFIDF model
+    missing_cbow = []   # Stores missing words in the W2V model
+    sidx = 0 # The index of the sentence according to the input file
+    logging.info("\n\nEmbedding sentences and saving then to a the output file..\n%s\n" % output_name)
+
+    with open(output_name, "w") as fo:
+        for sent in sentences:
+            sidx += 1
+            series = wisse.wisse(embeddings = embedding, vectorizer = tfidf, 
+                                                tf_tfidf = True, combiner='sum')
+            try:
+                mc, mb, vector = series.transform(sent)
+            except TypeError:
+                continue
+
+            # At this point you can use the embedding 'vector' for any application as it
+            # is a numpy array. Also you can simply save the vectors in text format as
+            # follows:
+            missing_cbow += mc
+            missing_bow += mb
+            fo.write("%d\t%s\n" % (sidx, np.array2string(vector,
+                                formatter = {'float_kind':lambda x: "%.6f" % x},
+                                max_line_width = 20000).strip(']').strip('[') ))
+
+    missing_name = (os.path.basename(args.input).split(".")[0] + "_" +
+                                                        embedding_name + "_" +
+                                                        tfidf_name + ".missing")
+    logging.info("\n\nSaving missing vocabulary to %s ..\n\n" % missing_name)
+
+    with open(missing_name, "w") as f:
+        f.write("# missing word embeddings:\n")
+        for w in set(missing_cbow):
+            f.write("%s\n" % w)
+
+        f.write("# missing MI weights:\n")
+        for w in set(missing_bow):
+            f.write("%s\n" % w)
+
+    logging.info("FINISHED! \n")